Bismillairrahmanirraheem
FASAKH BAYY (SAUDA TODHNE) KA AKHTIYAAR:
1- SAUDE KE BAAD JAB TAK FARIQAIN (SELLER OR BUYER) JUDA (ALAG) NA HON SAUDA FASAKH (BREAK) KARNE KA AKHTIYAAR HAI:
Hz Hakeem Bin Hazzam (Ra) Se Riwayat Hai Ke Nabi E Akram Sallalaho Alaihi Wasallam Ne Farmaya
"Bayy'e Aur Mushtari (Seller Or Buyer) Ko (Sauda Fasakh Karne Ka) Akhtiyaar Hai Jab Tak Wah Juda Na Hon"
(Bukhari 2079 Kitab Ul Buyu, Muslim 1533)
2- AGAR BAYY KHIYAAR HO TOH MUQARRARH MUDDAT TAK FASAKH BAYY KA AKHTIYAAR BAQI RAHEGA:
1- Hz Ibn Umar (Ra) Se Riwayat Hai Ke Nabi E Akram Sallalaho Alaihi Wasallam Ne Farmaya
"2 Khareed Wa Farokht Karne Waalon Me Se Har Ek Ko Sauda Fasakh Karne Ka Akhtiyaar Hai Jab Tak Ke Wah Alag Na Ho Jaayen Siwaaye Uske Ke Sauda Ikhtiyaar Wala Ho"
(Bukhari 2107 Kitab Ul Buyu, Muslim 1531, Moatta 2/671, Abu Dawood 3454, Sharah Ma'ani Al Asaar 4/12)
2- Farmaan E Nabawi Hai Ke
" Khareedaar Aur Farokht Karne Waale Ho Akhtiyaar Haasil Hai Jab Tak Ke Ek Dusre Se Juda Na Hon Siwaaye Uske Ke Sauda Akhtiyaar Waala Ho Aur Sauda Waapas Kar Dene Ke Andeshe Ki Wajah Se Jaldi Se Alag Ho Jaana Jayez Nahin"
(Arwa Ul Ghaleel 1311, Abu Dawood 3456, Tirmizi 1247, Nisaai 4483, Ahmad 2/182)
Bayy Khiyaar Se Muraad Ye Hai Ke Farokht Karne Waale Ne Khareedar Ko Khud Kuch Dino Ka Khiyaar Diya Ho Ke Tum Ye Cheez Istemaal Karke Dekh Lo Agar Pasand Aaye Toh Theek Warna Waapas Kar Dena Ya Khareedaar Ne Shart Lagaayi Ho Ke Main Kuch Din Ye Cheez Check Karna Chaahta Hoon Etc Etc..
Aisi Soorat Me Judaai Ke Baad Bhi Akhtiyaar Baaqi Rahega Jab Tak Muqarrarah Muddat Poori Na Ho Jaaye..
3- DHOKE SE AIB'DAAR (DEFECTED) CHEEZ KHAREEDNE PAR KHAREEDAR KO FASAKH BAYY KA AKHTIYAR HAI:
1- Hz Aisha (Ra) Ka Bayan Hai Ke Ek Aadmi Ne Ghulaam Khareed Kar Usse Mazdoori Karwaayi Fir Usne Usme Koi Aib Dekha
"Toh Aib Ki Wajah Se Use Waapas Lauta Diya"
(Musnad Ahmad 6/80)
2- Hz Ada Bin Khalid (Ra) Farmate Hain Ke Mujhe Nabi E Akram Sallalaho Alaihi Wasallam Ne Ek Bayy Naama (Business agreement) Likh Diya Tha Ke Ye Wah Kaaghaz Hai Jisme Muhammad Allah Ke Rasool (Sws) Ka Ada'a Bin Khalid Se Khareedne Ka Bayan Hai,
Ye Bayy Musalman Ki Musalman Ke Haath Hai, Na Isme Koi Aib Hai, Aur Na Koi Fareb, Na Fisq Wa Fujoor Aur Na Koi Bad'baatini"
(Bukhari Taliqan (Qabl Hadith 2079) Kitab Ul Buyu, Tirmizi 1216, Ibn Majah 2251)
3- Farmaan E Nabawi Hai Ke
"Jisne Hamse Dhoka Kiya Wah Ham Mese Nahin"
(Muslim 102 Kitab Ul Imaan, Abu Dawood 3452, Tirmizi 315, Ibn Majah 2224, Abu Awana 1/57, Ahmad 2/242, Baiheqi 5/320)
Ye Aur Is Tarah Ki Mutaaddid Dalail Se Sabit Hota Hai Ke Koi Bhi Ma'yoob Cheez Be'ghair Aib Bayan Kiye Farokht Karna Na'jayez Hai,
Isse Khareedar Ke Liye Sauda Fasakh (Break) Karne Ka Akhtiyaar Saabit Ho Jaata Hai,
Isi Tarah Dhoke Ki Koi Dusri Soorat Bhi Uske Liye Akhtiyaar Ki Saabit Kar Deti Hai,
Albatta Agar Khareedaar Usi Par Raazi Ho Jaaye Toh Bayy Durust Hogi Kyonki Sehat E Bayy Ke Liye Dono Ki Raza:mandi Hi Kaafi Hai,
Taaham Bayy'e (Seller) Ghair Sharai (Un'islamic) Bayy Ki Wajah Se Gunah'gaar Zaroor Hoga
4- BAZAAR PAHUNCHNE SE PAHLE SAAMAAN FAROKHT KARNE WAALE KO AKHTIYAAR HAI:
1- Hz Abu Hurairah (Ra) Se Riwayat Hai Ke Nabi E Akram Sallalaho Alaihi Wasallam Ne Farmaya
"Baaher Se Shaher Me Ghalla Laane Waalon Ko Aage Jaakar Na Milo, Jis Kisi Se Raaste Hi Me Mulaaqaat Karke Uska Saamaan Khareed Liya Gaya Toh Mandi Me Pahunchne Ke Baad Maal Ke Maalik Ko Akhtiyaar Hai (Chaahe Sauda Baqi Rakhe Aur Chaahe Toh Mansookh Kar De)"
(Muslim 1519 Kitab Ul Buyu)
Is Hadith Ka Zaahiri Mafhoom Ye Hai Ke Agarche Milne Waala Bazaar Ki Qeemat Ke Mutabik Hi Khareede Tab Bhi Akhtiyaar Saabit Ho Jaayega
5- BAYY FASAKH KI SOORAT ME KHAREEDAR PAR KISI IZAAFI CHEEZ KI ADAYEGI LAAZIM NAHIN:
1- Farmaan E Nabawi Hai Ke
"Khiraaj (Aisa Faayeda Wa Munaafa Jo Farokht Hue Cheez Se Haasil Hote Hain) Us Kifaalat Wa Zimme'dari Ke Auz Hain (Jo Khareedar Par Laazim Hain)"
(Arwa Ul Ghaleel 1315, Abu Dawood 3508 Kitab Ul Buyu, Tirmizi 1285, Nisaai 4430, Ibn Majah 2242)
Iska Matlab Ye Hai Ke Jab Kisi Ne Koi Zameen Khareedi Aur Use Istemal Kiya Ya Jaanwar Khareeda Aur Usne Bacche Ko Paida Kiya, Jaanwar Khareeda Aur Uspar Sawaar Hua,
Ya Ghulaam Khareeda Usse Khidmat Li, Fir Usme Koi Nuqs Ya Aib (Defect) Paaya ,
Toh Iske Liye Us Ghulaam Ko Waapas Karne Ki Gunjaish Hai Aur Jitna Faayeda Usse Haasil Kiya Hai Uske Auz Uspar Koi Cheez Nahin,
Isliye Ke Agar Ye Cheez Fasakh Aur Aqad Ke Muddat Ke Darmiyaan Talaf Ho Jaati Hai Toh Uski Zimmedari Khareedaar Par Hi Hoti Hai,
Toh Fir Uski Aamdan Wa Munaafa Ka Bhi Wahi Haq'daar Hai,
2- Ek Riwayat Me Hai Ke Ek Aadmi Me Ghulaam Khareed Kar Usse Mazdoori Karwaayi Fir Usne Kisi Aib Ki Wajah Se Use Waapas Lauta Diya Toh Farokht Karne Waale Ne Ghulaam Se Haasil Kardah Mazdoori Ki Wapsi Ka Bhi Mutaalbah Kiya Is Par Rasoollullah (Sws) Ne Farmaya
"Aamdani Ka Maalik Wah Hoga Jo Uska Zimmedar Hoga"
(Musnad Ahmad 6/80)...
