*ꙮOnline tijaarat ka shar’ee hukmꙮ*
* Tehreer:* Shaikh Maqbool Ahmad Salafi Hafizahullah
*✒️ Romanised By:* Umar Asari
* Source:*
https://www.romanquranohadees.com/index.php?threads/online-tijaarat-ka-sharee-hukm.1338/
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Yeh networking ka zamaana hai, is waqt bahut saari cheezon ke liye is ka iste’maal kiya jaata hai. Tijaarat bhi internet par khoob khoob ho rahi hai. Is ki mukhtalif shaklein aur qismein hain. Ziyada se ziyada kamaane ke shauq ne tijaarat ke maidaan mein naye naye tareeqe muta’araf (introduced) karaaye jin mein bahut saare zaraaye sood ki tijaarat, haraam ki tijaarat, majhool ki tijaarat aur makr-o-fareb ki tijaarat par mushtamil hain.
Internet ki tijaarti duniya mein kayi tareeqe se online tijaarat hoti hai, yeh tijaarat infiraadi haisiyat se bhi hoti hai aur ijtimaa’e shakl mein yani company ka company ke darmiyaan bhi hoti hai balke yeh kaha jaaye ke bar-waqt infiraadi aur ijtimaa’e tijaarat ka waafir (kaafi) hissah internet se juda hai to ghalat na hoga. Ek musalmaan ke liye ibadat ki tarah ahkaam-o-mu’aamlaat ki bhi ma’rifat (jaankaari) zaroori hai is liye main ne zaroori samjha ke kitaab-o-sunnat ki roshni mein online tijaarat ka hukm bayan kar dun taake jo log in tijaarat se jude hain woh Shari’at ke ahkaam jaan len. Agar un ki tijaarat halaal hai to achchi baat hai warna us se ijtinaab karen (bachen).
Online tijaarat ki wajah se bahut saari sahuliyaat (aasaaniyan) muyassar (mil) aayi hain, ek khareedaar shakhs ghar baithe kahein se bhi aur koi bhi samaan manga sakta hai, mukhtalif online tijaaraton ke darmiyaan duniya bhar mein maujood sasta se sasta aur me’yaari se me’yaari samaan talaash kar sakta hai. Is mein waqt ki bachat ke saath aamad-o-raft (aane jaane) ki takleef se bhi raahat hai. Khareedaar ke saath bechne waalon ko bhi badi aasani hai usey dukaan lagane, kiraya (rent) dene aur aamad-o-raft (aane jaane) ke chakkar se najaat mil jaati hai woh internet par ek website ke zariye apne samaan ka ta’aruf (intro) karaata hai saath hi us ki tasaaweer (photos) bhi deta hai aur order par samaan bhej diya jaata hai. Isi wajah se yeh tijaarat aaj shohrat ke aasman par pahunch rahi hai.
*Is tijaarat ka shar’ee hukm jaanne se pehle main bay-o-shiraa (khareed-o-farokht) ka Islaami usool bata deta hun taake aasani se masle ko samjha jaa sake aur is usool ke khilaaf jo bhi online tijaarat ho us ka na-jaaiz hona wazeh ho jaaye.*
*Khareed-o-farokht mein teen cheezein bunyaadi haisiyat rakhti hain:*
*➊* Do fareeq ka paaya jaana jin ke darmiyaan khareed-o-farokht hogi.
*➋* Us samaan ka wujood jis ki khareed-o-farokht honi hai.
*➌* Samaan ki qeemat.
*➊* Do fareeq ka paaya jaana jin ke darmiyaan khareed-o-farokht hogi.
*➋* Us samaan ka wujood jis ki khareed-o-farokht honi hai.
*➌* Samaan ki qeemat.
*Khareed-o-farokht ke silsile mein Islam ke chand ahem usool-o-qawaaid mundarja zail (following) hain:*
*⓵* Baaye (bechne waale) aur mushtari (khareedne waale) ke darmiyaan razamandi se khareed-o-farokht tay paaye, Nabi ﷺ ka hukm hai:
إِنَّمَا الْبَيْعُ عَنْ تَرَاضٍ
*⓵* Baaye (bechne waale) aur mushtari (khareedne waale) ke darmiyaan razamandi se khareed-o-farokht tay paaye, Nabi ﷺ ka hukm hai:
إِنَّمَا الْبَيْعُ عَنْ تَرَاضٍ
*Tarjumah:* Bay sirf baahami razamandi se hoti hai.
*(Sunan Ibn-e-Majah: 2185, Allama Albani Rahimahullah ne Sahih kaha hai)*
*⓶* Baaye (bechne waale) ka mabee’ (jo samaan becha jaa raha ho us) par milkiyat ho (yani woh us ka malik ho aur us par ikhtiyaar rakhta), yani aisa samaan bechna mana hai jis par milkiyat na ho.
Hakeem bin Hizaam Radhiallahu Anhu kehte hain:
أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقُلْتُ: يَأْتِينِي الرَّجُلُ، يَسْأَلُنِي مِنَ الْبَيْعِ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدِي أَبْتَاعُ لَهُ مِنَ السُّوقِ، ثُمَّ أَبِيعُهُ ، قَالَ: لَا تَبِعْ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَكَ
أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقُلْتُ: يَأْتِينِي الرَّجُلُ، يَسْأَلُنِي مِنَ الْبَيْعِ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدِي أَبْتَاعُ لَهُ مِنَ السُّوقِ، ثُمَّ أَبِيعُهُ ، قَالَ: لَا تَبِعْ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَكَ
*Tarjumah:* Main ne Rasoolullah ﷺ ke paas aa kar arz kiya: Mere paas kuch log aate hain aur us cheez ko bechne ke liye kehte hain jo mere paas nahi hoti, to kya main us cheez ko un ke liye bazaar se khareed kar laaun phir farokht karun? Aap ﷺ ne farmaaya: Jo cheez tumhaare paas nahi hai us ki bay na karo (us ko na becho).
*(Sunan Tirmizi: 1232, Allama Albani Rahimahullah ne Sahih kaha hai)*
*⓷* Halaal cheezon ki hi tijaarat kar sakte hain. Nabi ﷺ ka farmaan hai:
وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ إِذَا حَرَّمَ عَلَى قَوْمٍ أَكْلَ شَيْءٍ حَرَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ ثَمَنَهُ
وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ إِذَا حَرَّمَ عَلَى قَوْمٍ أَكْلَ شَيْءٍ حَرَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ ثَمَنَهُ
*Tarjumah:* Bila-shubha Allah ﷻ jab kisi qaum par kisi cheez ka khaana haraam karta hai, to us ki qeemat bhi haraam kar deta hai.
*(Sahih Abi Dawood: 3488, Allama Albani Rahimahullah ne Sahih kaha hai)*
*⓸* Jis samaan ki tijaarat maqsood hai us ki qeemat ma’loom ho aur us ki sifaat (qualities) wahi batlaayi jaayen jo us mein hain neez agar samaan mein koi aib hai to use wazeh kiya jaaye. In tamaam baaton se maqsood mushtari (khareedne waale) ko dhoke se bachaana hai goya aisi koi bay (sale) jis mein dhoka hai jaaiz nahi hai, Hazrat Abu Hurairah Radhiallahu Anhu se riwayat hai, unhon ne kaha:
نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ بَيْعِ الْحَصَاةِ، وَعَنْ بَيْعِ الْغَرَرِ
نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ بَيْعِ الْحَصَاةِ، وَعَنْ بَيْعِ الْغَرَرِ
*Tarjumah:* Rasoolullah ﷺ ne kankar phenk kar bay karne aur dhoke waali bay se mana farmaaya hai.
*(Sahih Muslim: 1513)*
*⓹* Tijaarat sood (interest) ki aamezish (milawat) se paak ho kiunki Allah ﷻ ne Sood ko haraam qaraar diya hai. Farmaan-e-ilaahi hai:
وَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ الْبَيْعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبَا
وَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ الْبَيْعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبَا
*Tarjumah:* Allah ﷻ ne tijaarat ko halaal aur sood ko haraam kiya hai.
*(Surah Al-Baqarah, Surah No: 2, Ayat No: 275)*
*Bay (bechne/sale karne) ki chaar qismein banti hain:*
*Pehli qism:* Ek cheez ke badle doosri cheez di jaaye masalan zameen ke badle makaan, isey english main “Barter sale” kehte hain jab ki arabic mein “Muqayazah” kehte hain. Is bay ke jawaaz aur adm-e-jawaaz (na-jaaiz) mein tafseel hai.
*Doosri qism:* Raqm/qeemat ke badle koi cheez khareedna, yeh mutlaq bay hai aur aam taur se yahi tareeqa market mein chal raha hai.
*Teesri qism:* Naqad ka naqad se tabaadilah (exchange) isey “bay-us-sarf” ya exchange money kehte hain.
*Chauthi qism:* Ek taraf mehnat doosri taraf ujrat, isey ijaarah yani mazdoori kehte hain.
*Qeemat ki adaayegi ke aitbaar se bhi bay ki chaar qismein hain:*
*Pehli qism:* Naqad khareed-o-farokht yani naqad qeemat chukaayen aur naqad samaan haasil karen.
*Doosri qism:* Samaan fauran mil jaaye magar us ki qeemat aaindah kisi tareekh par tay (fix) ho yeh udhaar bay hai, is udhaar ko qarz kahenge aur yeh jaaiz hai.
*Teesri qism:* Qeemat pehle chuka di jaaye magar samaan ki hawaalgi (hawaale karne) mein mee’aad (time) tay (fix) ho to isey “bay-us-salim” kehte hain, yeh bhi jaaiz hai.
*Chauthi qism:* samaan ki hawaalgi (hawaale karne) aur us ki qeemat dono udhaar hon yani dono mein mee’aad (time, period) ho to yeh na-jaaiz hai isey Hadees mein “bay-ul-kaali bil-kaali” kaha gaya hai.
*Ab hum dekhte hain ke internet par online tijaarat kis tarah ki jaati hai phir us tareeqe ko Islam ke tijaarti usool par parakhte hain:*
*①* Online tijaarat mein forex trading kaafi mashhoor (famous) hai aur us ka tareeqa yeh hai ke masalan ek hazaar dollar jama kar ke forex company mein pehle apna account khulwaana padta hai, account khulte hi us shakhs ko ek lakh dollar ki quwwat-e-khareed (khareedne ki taqat) mil jaati hai. Internet par mukhtalif cheezon ka qeematon ke saath ishtihaar aa raha hota hai, yeh shakhs jo sirf ek hazaar dollar mein ek lakh tak ki cheezien khareedne ki ahliyat (ability) rakhta hai woh sasti qeemat dekh kar internet par hi koi samaan khareedta hai aur jaise hi us ki qeemat badhti hai use beech deta hai is tarah badhti qeemat se faaidah uthaata hai lekin ashyaa (cheezon) ki qeemat ghatne se nuqsaan bhi hota hai. Company har tijaarat par apna commission leti hai chaahe nafa’ (profit) ho ya nuqsaan aur isi tarah muqarrarah waqt par sauda na ho to company mazeed raqm leti hai. Is tijaarat mein company broker ki haisiyat se role ada karti hai aur account holder baraah-e-raast (direct) khareed-o-farokht nahi kar sakta balke khareed-o-farokht ki talab (khwaahish) pesh karta hai.
*Is tijaarat mein shari’at ki nazar mein kayi kharaabiyaan hain. Ek shakhs ek hazaar dollar ke badle jo ek lakh ki quwwat-e-khareed haasil karta hai woh sood (interest) ke zumre mein aayega, isi tarah us soodi paise se koi manqooli samaan internet par khareed karta hai aur us par qabza karne se pehle beech deta hai jo ki na-jaaiz hai. Isi tarah company ka har tijaarat par tay shudah munafa’ (fixed profit) lena chaahe tijaarat mein nafa’ (profit) ho ya nuqsaan, jaaiz nahi hai. Is mein “bay-ul-kaali bil-kaali” aur satta baazi bhi paayi jaati hai. Satta baazi is tarah ke yahan par hawa mein tijaarat hoti hai zameeni taur par us ka kuch wujood nahi hota, na haqeeqi ma’ne mein kisi ko samaan khareedna hota hai aur na hi us par qabza kiya jaata hai bas munafa’ ka khel khela jaata hai.*
*②* Kuch online companies internet par samaan bechti hain jis ka tareeqa yeh hota hai ke khareedaar se qeemat pehle haasil kar leti hain aur samaan baad mein hawaale karti hain. *Agar is tareeqa-e-tijaarat mein mu’aamlaat wazeh hon aur kisi tarah ka fareb aur dhoka na ho to jaaiz hai magar internet ki duniya mein kuch bhi ho sakta hai. Mumkin hai company khareedaar se paise wusool kar le aur samaan na bheje, yeh bhi mumkin hai ke jo samaan khareedaar ne jin sifaat (qualities) ke saath talab kiya (mangwaaya) tha us tarah na mile. Aisa bhi mumkin hai ke hackers ki wajah se paisa company tak na pahunch sake ya samaan khareedaar ko na mil sake. Haan qaabil-e-aitemaad company jo us maidaan (field) mein saalon se kaam kar rahi ho to phir us se len den karen.*
*③* Is mein koi harj nahi hai ke samaan ki qeemat pehle le li jaaye aur samaan baad mein hawaale kiya jaaye ya pehle sirf bay’aana (advance) le liya jaaye. *Ya baghair kisi raqm ke matlooba samaan delivery kar dena aur pasand aur na-pasand ke ikhtiyaar ke saath company ke wakeel ke saath khareed-o-farokht karna jaaiz hai balke yahi soorat sab se behtar aur mehfooz hai.*
*Khulaasa yeh huwa ke* online tijaarat karne ke silsile mein yeh zaroori hai ke ashyaa (cheezon) ka wujood ho aur jab khareedaar kisi cheez ka mutaalibah (taqaazah) kare aur qeemat ada karne ki jo fauri ya hawaalgi ka waqt jo bhi fix ho bechne waala woh samaan us ke naam matlooba sifaat waala rawaana kar de aur hawaalgi ko pukhta banaaye. Samaan milne par matlooba sifaat na paaye jaayen to khareedaar ko waapas karne ka ikhtiyaar ho. Agar bechne waale ke paas sirf ishtihaar (advertisement) hai jab koi khareedaar samaan talab karta hai to woh doosre market se samaan khareed kar deta hai, yeh dhoke ke saath doosre ki milkiyat waala samaan bechna hai. Upar Hadees maujood hai jis mein Hakeem bin Hizam Radhiallahu Anhu ko Rasoolullah ﷺ ne aisi bay se mana kiya hai.
*Khulaasa yeh huwa ke* online tijaarat karne ke silsile mein yeh zaroori hai ke ashyaa (cheezon) ka wujood ho aur jab khareedaar kisi cheez ka mutaalibah (taqaazah) kare aur qeemat ada karne ki jo fauri ya hawaalgi ka waqt jo bhi fix ho bechne waala woh samaan us ke naam matlooba sifaat waala rawaana kar de aur hawaalgi ko pukhta banaaye. Samaan milne par matlooba sifaat na paaye jaayen to khareedaar ko waapas karne ka ikhtiyaar ho. Agar bechne waale ke paas sirf ishtihaar (advertisement) hai jab koi khareedaar samaan talab karta hai to woh doosre market se samaan khareed kar deta hai, yeh dhoke ke saath doosre ki milkiyat waala samaan bechna hai. Upar Hadees maujood hai jis mein Hakeem bin Hizam Radhiallahu Anhu ko Rasoolullah ﷺ ne aisi bay se mana kiya hai.
*Bahut si online tijaarat mein umooman (aam taur se) do baatein ziyada paayi jaati hain jin se bachna padega:*
*Pehli baat yeh hai ke* ek shakhs internet par koi samaan khareedta hai aur us par qabza karne se pehle doosre ko beech deta hai. *Yeh tijaarat na-jaaiz hai.*
*Doosri baat yeh hai ke* khareed-o-farokht ki farzi (fake) company hoti hai, us ke paas haqeeqat mein koi samaan nahi hota bas company ka naam hota hai, ishtihaar (advertisement) se khareedaaron ka order leta hai aur doosri online company se sasta samaan khareed kar khareedaar ko bhejta hai.
*Yeh bhi na-jaaiz hai. Haan koi yeh keh kar tijaarat kare ke mere paas falaan samaan maujood nahi hai doosri jagah se khareed kar aap ko muhayya karwaaunga aur apni ujrat bhi lunga to yeh jaaiz hai.* Online tijaarat ka sab se behtareen tareeqa yeh hai ke taajir apne samaan ka us ke sahih sifaat ke saath internet par ta’aruf karaaye taake khareedaar ko samaan ki mukammal kaifiyat ma’loom ho jaaye aur jab khareedaar koi samaan talab kare to woh samaan us tak apne wakeel ke zariye pahunchaaye, jab khareedaar ko dekhne ke baad samaan pasand aa jaaye to us ki qeemat de kar bay mukammal kar le ya na-pasand ho to waapas kar de. Samaan ki qeemat hawaalgi (hawaale karne) se pehle bhi lena jaaiz hai ya kuch advance bhi le sakta hai magar hackers ki wajah se khatra hai aur khareedaar ko is naahiye (angel) se bhi khadsha (darr) hai ke taajir qeemat le kar samaan nahi bhejega ya samaan asli nahi hoga to waapsi ka ikhtiyaar nahi hota. Is wajah se khareedaar bhi mutmain (satisfy) aur taajir bhi logon ke aitemaad ke saath tijaarat kar sakta hai.
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